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PHP-Nuke Newbie FAQ's
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PHP-Nuke Newbie FAQ's - <font color=red>Within this forum are a selection of faq's, unlike our common problems forum these are aimed at the newbie.</font>
[FAQ] CHMOD - What is it?
I have added this because when I was a web newbie, I came across CHMOD often and didn't have a clue what it was, what it did or how you changed it! When I asked people on forums like this they always said - "You have to CHMOD it", which made no sense and didn't help me. Only after weeks of asking was I told what CHMOD was all about.
CHMOD is another name for Changing the permissions on files. You may come across this when uploading certain Modules into your phpNuke site. CHMOD is a Linux command for allowing which users can view, modify and delete certain files.
In the context of phpNuke and other portal systems - You are the user and the group - but for security sake - you never allow the groups high permissions.
There are 3 classes or groups you need to put permissions into.
1). Owner - that's you. You are the one with access to your website files and you need to be able to change and delete them sometimes.
2). Groups - As usually there is only one person building a website, then these are set to read and execute only.
3). Public - these are site visitors. You don't want them having access to your files and corrupting your site.
CHMOD is like a "double safety barrier" on top of your firewall/s.
When you are asked to CHMOD a file, you will either do this via a box in your ftp program or via your Control Panel File Manager. You will either enter numbers or tick boxes. For each tick you click, it will represent a number, which are explained below:
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Code Meaning
0 - The access right that is supposed to be on this place is not granted.
4 - read access is granted to the user category defined in this place
2 - write permission is granted to the user category defined in this place
1 - execute permission is granted to the user category defined in this place |
These codes add up to a 3 figure code which is your CHMOD or file/directory permission. See below:
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Command Meaning
chmod 400 file To protect a file against accidental overwriting.
chmod 500 directory To protect yourself from accidentally removing, renaming or moving files from this directory.
chmod 600 file A private file only changeable by the user who entered this command.
chmod 644 file A publicly readable file that can only be changed by the issuing user.
chmod 660 file Users belonging to your group can change this files, others don't have any access to it at all.
chmod 700 file Protects a file against any access from other users, while the issuing user still has full access.
chmod 755 directory For files that should be readable and executable by others, but only changeable by the issuing user.
chmod 775 file Standard file sharing mode for a group.
chmod 777 file Everybody can do everything to this file.
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For example, if you install a coppermine picture gallery, the install text will ask you to CHMOD the folder that users can add their own pictures to, to 777.
